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Twelve chapters.

▸ Chapter01

First principles — what the model sees.

Before you write a single token, understand how the model interprets language. The model is not a search engine, not an architect, and not a translator. It is a pattern-matching engine that has seen millions of labelled images.

Each word you write activates a cluster of visual associations. Write "brutalist", and the model summons concrete, raw form-work, monolithic mass, deep shadows, often grey weather. Write "villa", and it conjures terraces, pools, warm light, sloped roofs. Your prompt is less a sentence and more a chord — multiple notes struck at once.

The four laws of prompting

  1. Specificity beats length. A prompt with five precise words outperforms one with fifty vague ones. "Cantilevered concrete house" tells the model more than "modern beautiful unique luxurious dwelling".
  2. Order matters. Most diffusion models weight earlier tokens more heavily. Put the subject first, mood and details after.
  3. The model averages references. Naming two architects mixes their languages. This is sometimes brilliant, sometimes muddy. Use intentionally.
  4. Negative prompts subtract, they do not direct. "No people" works. "Empty of life" is poetic but unreliable.
→ Workshop note

Think of yourself less as a writer and more as a director of a film crew that cannot ask clarifying questions. Every assumption you leave implicit, the model will fill in — usually with the most generic version it knows.

▸ Chapter02

The anatomy of an architectural prompt.

A strong architectural prompt has a skeleton. Once you internalise it, you can write prompts the way a draftsman lays out a sheet — by ordered convention, with room for invention.

Use this seven-part formula as your default. You can drop or rearrange parts, but if a prompt feels weak, check which slot is missing.

Subject+ Typology+ Style+ Materials+ Light+ Camera+ Quality

An example, dissected

full prompt
A three-storey courtyard house, contemporary tropical modernism, in the style of Geoffrey Bawa, exposed laterite stone walls, teak louvres, terracotta tile roof, soft afternoon monsoon light filtering through palms, wide-angle architectural photograph, eye-level perspective, shallow depth of field, 8k, editorial, Architectural Digest style

What each part is doing

  • Subject: the building type and basic geometry — three-storey courtyard house
  • Style: the design language — tropical modernism, Bawa
  • Materials: laterite, teak, terracotta — these anchor the model to a palette
  • Light: monsoon afternoon — climate plus time plus quality
  • Camera: lens type and viewpoint — wide-angle, eye-level
  • Quality: the finish — editorial photograph, magazine reference
→ Try this in the workshop

Write one prompt with all seven slots, then strip out one part at a time. Render each version. You will see exactly how much each ingredient contributes.

▸ Chapter03

The subject — naming what you build.

The model recognises building typologies far better than abstract descriptions. "Single-family home" is weaker than "ranch house" or "Edwardian terrace". Reach for the specific noun.

Typology vocabulary

→ Residential
villa, courtyard house, row house, cottage, longhouse, A-frame, cabin, brownstone, hacienda, ryokan, riad, bungalow
→ Commercial & Civic
skyscraper, atrium tower, civic hall, library, courthouse, train station, marketplace, basilica, gallery
→ Cultural & Sacred
chapel, mosque, stupa, temple complex, shrine, monastery, mausoleum, observatory
→ Industrial
warehouse, foundry, silo, hangar, bridge house, lighthouse, signal tower, viaduct
→ Hospitality & Retail
boutique hotel, ryokan, beachfront resort, roadside motel, market hall, tea house, bistro
→ Speculative
arcology, megastructure, floating habitat, biodome, underground city, modular settlement

Geometry & massing words

After typology, give the model a hint about form. These words carry enormous weight in architecture.

cantileveredmonolithicstacked terracedcurvilinearorthogonal parametricfacetedvaulted colonnadedperforatedlow-slung soaringpavilion-stylemodular circular plan
▸ Chapter04

Style, era, & naming architects.

Style words are the most efficient ingredient in any architectural prompt. They carry geometry, material, and proportion in a single token. But they must be used with care.

Movements the model knows well

→ Modernism & descendants
Bauhaus, International Style, Mid-Century Modern, Brutalism, Metabolism, High-Tech, Deconstructivism, Parametricism
→ Historical
Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, Beaux-Arts, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Victorian
→ Regional & vernacular
Mediterranean, Andalusian, Scandinavian, Japanese minka, Kerala vernacular, Rajasthani haveli, Pueblo, Swiss chalet
→ Contemporary tendencies
biophilic, regenerative, passivhaus, adaptive reuse, brutalist revival, slow architecture, Japandi

Naming architects: a careful guide

Architect names are powerful but slippery. The model has stronger associations with some than others, and outputs tend to flatten everyone into a single visual stereotype.

Use sparingly, use deliberately

  • One name, not three. Stacking "in the style of Tadao Ando, Peter Zumthor, and Carlo Scarpa" produces an uncertain average.
  • Pair with a typology. "Tadao Ando" alone is a vibe; "Tadao Ando concrete chapel" is a building.
  • Anchor the era. Architects' work changes over decades. Say "early Frank Lloyd Wright Prairie style" rather than just "Frank Lloyd Wright".
avoid
A house in the style of Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, Tadao Ando, and Zaha Hadid
strong
A hillside concrete house in the late style of Tadao Ando, deep recessed openings, water court entry
▸ Chapter05

Materials & the language of surface.

Materials are where most prompts fall short. "Wooden" is vague — the model averages it across plywood, oak, cedar, and IKEA. Be specific: "weathered cedar cladding" tells a story.

Material vocabulary by category

→ Stone
travertine, basalt, limestone, slate, granite, sandstone, rammed earth, dry-stone, ashlar masonry, marble, laterite
→ Concrete
board-formed, board-marked, fair-faced, polished, pigmented, shot-blasted, exposed aggregate, GFRC panels
→ Wood
charred shou-sugi-ban, weathered cedar, oiled teak, oak parquet, CLT panels, bamboo screens, reclaimed pine
→ Metal
weathering Corten steel, brushed brass, blackened steel, perforated aluminium, zinc seam roofing, anodised copper
→ Glass & translucents
fritted glass, channel glass, polycarbonate, etched, fluted, Japanese shoji, alabaster, ETFE cushions
→ Brick & ceramic
Flemish bond, Roman brick, perforated brickwork, terracotta baguettes, glazed ceramic, hand-thrown tile, jaali

Texture verbs that work

Surface comes alive when you describe what time and weather have done to it.

weatheredpatinatedwhitewashed moss-stainedsun-bleachedhand-troweled rough-sawnhonedtumbled oiledlime-washedsalt-aged
▸ Chapter06

Light, weather, & the time of day.

Architectural images live or die by their light. The same building at golden hour and at noon are two different buildings. Treat light as a first-class part of the prompt, not an afterthought.

The four variables of light

  1. Time: dawn, golden hour, midday, dusk, blue hour, twilight, deep night
  2. Weather: clear, overcast, hazy, foggy, monsoon, snowfall, mist rising
  3. Direction: raking side-light, backlit silhouette, top-down skylight, soft north light
  4. Source: sunlight, moonlight, lamplight, candlelight, lit from within, neon ambient

Mood phrases that punch above their weight

golden hour with long shadows overcast diffuse Nordic light blue hour interior glow harsh tropical noon soft monsoon haze winter morning low sun moonlit silhouette cinematic dusk studio softbox lighting backlit through louvres
→ Workshop trick

The phrase "long shadows" implicitly tells the model "low-angle sun", which means dawn or dusk, which means warmth, which means atmosphere. One phrase, four implications.

▸ Chapter07

Composition & the camera.

Telling the model what kind of photograph you want is half the job. The vocabulary of architectural photography is well represented in training data — use it.

Viewpoint

  • Eye-level architectural photograph — neutral, documentary, magazine-standard
  • Worm's-eye view — heroic, monumentalising, emphasises height
  • Aerial / drone view — reveals plan and site relationship
  • Three-quarter front — the architect's classic presentation view
  • One-point interior perspective — emphasises symmetry and depth
  • Section perspective — cuts the building open; useful for spatial diagrams

Lens and depth

wide-angle 24mmtilt-shift lens telephoto 85mmshallow depth of field deep focusvertical lines corrected cinematic anamorphiclarge format film

Render & medium references

You can ask for photographs, but you can also ask for other media. These produce dramatically different results.

→ Photographic
architectural photograph, editorial photograph, Hasselblad medium format, 35mm film, Kodak Portra
→ Render styles
V-Ray render, Unreal Engine, octane render, axonometric drawing, isometric, blueprint, technical section
→ Hand media
watercolour architectural sketch, ink and wash, charcoal study, pen elevation, collage in the style of Stirling
→ Editorial references
Architectural Digest, Dezeen, Wallpaper magazine, Domus, El Croquis monograph
▸ Chapter08

Site, context, & the world around it.

A building without a site is a model on a turntable. Tell the model where the building stands — geographically, climatically, culturally. The context will pull the design language with it.

Layers of context to specify

  • Landscape: coastal cliff, dense forest, alpine meadow, desert plateau, paddy field, urban canyon
  • Climate: tropical humid, arid desert, sub-arctic, Mediterranean dry, monsoon, temperate maritime
  • Region: Kerala backwaters, Swiss Alps, Moroccan medina, Tokyo backstreet, Cotswolds village
  • Adjacency: rising from a cliff edge, set into a hillside, floating on stilts, embedded in a courtyard wall
  • Planting: mature olive grove, bamboo thicket, plane trees, native fynbos, Japanese moss garden
context-rich example
A small stone chapel set into a remote Scottish heather moor, low-pitched slate roof, single deep window facing west, drystone walls weathered grey-green by lichen, surrounded by waist-high heather and granite boulders, overcast Hebridean light, distant sea on the horizon
▸ Chapter09

Weights, syntax, & controlling emphasis.

ComfyUI inherits a small grammar of attention-shifting tools. Master these and you will spend less time fighting the model and more time directing it.

Token weighting

Most ComfyUI text encoders (SD 1.5, SDXL with A1111-style parsing) accept emphasis syntax. Use it to push or pull a concept.

syntax reference
(brutalist concrete:1.4) — increases attention
(modernist:0.7) — reduces attention
((double parens)) — roughly 1.21
[square brackets] — reduces emphasis (~0.9)
— Flux models often ignore weights; use natural language instead

Practical rules

  • Stay between 0.6 and 1.5. Beyond that, the prompt usually destabilises.
  • If a feature is being ignored, weight it. If a feature is dominating, weight it down.
  • For Flux, write descriptive sentences instead — Flux reads natural English.
  • For SDXL, comma-separated tags still work; mix with short phrases.

BREAK and prompt chunking

In some samplers, the keyword BREAK resets the attention chunk, useful when you want two themes not to bleed into each other (e.g., describing exterior, then a separate clause for foreground figures).

Prompt scheduling

Advanced users can schedule prompts over diffusion steps. The syntax [A:B:0.5] tells the model to start with A and switch to B halfway. Useful for combining structural language early with material detail later.

▸ Chapter10

Negative prompts — what to leave out.

A negative prompt is your editor's red pencil. It does not direct the model where to go; it tells the model where not to go. Used well, it cleans your image. Used badly, it adds nothing.

What belongs in a negative prompt

  • Quality defects: blurry, low resolution, jpeg artifacts, oversharpened, distorted geometry, warped windows
  • Unwanted content: people, cars, text, watermark, signage, logo, signature
  • Stylistic tendencies you don't want: cartoon, illustration, painted, oversaturated, HDR halo, fisheye distortion
  • Architectural clichés: if outputs keep producing the same gable roof or curved glass, list them here

A reliable negative starter

general architectural negative
blurry, low resolution, jpeg artifacts, distorted perspective, warped windows, lens flare, oversaturated, cartoon, illustration, painting, watermark, text, signage, people, cars, oversharpened, HDR halo, fisheye
→ Caution

Do not over-stuff the negative prompt. Each token still consumes attention budget. 12–20 terms is plenty for most jobs. If you have written 50 negatives, the problem is probably in the positive prompt.

Flux note

Flux-family models often work better with no negative prompt at all, or with very minimal negatives. If using Flux, default to leaving it empty and add only when needed.

▸ Chapter11

Recipes & templates.

Copy these, modify them, and make them your own. Each is built on the seven-part formula and shows how the same skeleton produces wildly different buildings depending on the words chosen.

01 · Mountain Retreat

positive
A low-slung alpine cabin in the style of Peter Zumthor, blackened larch cladding, copper standing-seam roof, deep eaves, single horizontal picture window, set on a granite shelf above a fog-filled valley, soft early morning winter light, light snowfall, eye-level architectural photograph, large format film, 8k, editorial, Dezeen

02 · Tropical Courtyard Home

positive
A double-height courtyard residence, tropical modernism in the style of Geoffrey Bawa, hand-laid laterite walls, oiled teak louvres, terracotta tiled pitched roof, reflecting pool in central courtyard, frangipani tree, soft monsoon afternoon light, wide-angle photograph, three-quarter view, Architectural Digest, cinematic

03 · Brutalist Civic Building

positive
A monumental brutalist library, board-formed concrete, deep recessed window slots, cantilevered upper volume, set in a paved civic plaza with mature plane trees, overcast diffuse northern European light, worm's-eye perspective, tilt-shift architectural photograph, in the style of 1970s Yugoslav modernism, archival film grain

04 · Coastal Minimalist Villa

positive
A single-storey coastal villa, white lime-washed walls, flush-set timber doors, infinity pool flush with horizon, Aegean blue sea beyond, native scrubland surroundings, raking late afternoon light, long shadows across stone terrace, eye-level architectural photograph, shallow depth of field, Wallpaper magazine

05 · Adaptive Reuse Warehouse

positive
A converted Victorian brick warehouse, exposed steel trusses, original cast-iron columns, new glass and blackened steel insertions, polished concrete floor, brick perforated with new arched openings, golden hour interior light, dust motes in light shafts, one-point perspective, editorial photograph, Domus

06 · Speculative / Futuristic

positive
A megastructural arcology, layered terraces with hanging gardens, ETFE inflated roof cushions, weathered concrete cores, vegetation cascading down facades, set above a misty river delta at dawn, aerial three-quarter view, cinematic anamorphic lens, in the style of Paolo Soleri meets Studio Ghibli backgrounds

07 · Interior — Material-Forward

positive
Interior of a double-height living space, board-formed concrete walls, wide-plank oiled oak floor, low travertine hearth, single linear skylight, mid-century lounge chair, soft north light, atmospheric haze, wide-angle interior photograph, vertical lines corrected, editorial, AD Spain
▸ Chapter12

The iteration workflow.

Nobody writes a perfect prompt on the first try. The discipline is not in writing — it is in revising. Here's a workflow that compresses ten random attempts into three intentional ones.

The five-pass method

  1. Pass one — Skeleton. Write the seven-part formula in its plainest form. Render. Check whether the model has the right building in mind.
  2. Pass two — Style anchor. Add one architect or movement reference. Render. Confirm the language is heading where you want.
  3. Pass three — Material & light. Specify the surfaces and the hour. Render. The image should start feeling specific.
  4. Pass four — Camera & mood. Add viewpoint and atmosphere. Render. This is usually where the image becomes a photograph rather than a render.
  5. Pass five — Refine with weights and negatives. Push down what dominates, push up what is being ignored. Render until satisfied.

→ Pre-flight checklist

  • Have I named the typology with a specific noun?
  • Have I specified materials with adjectives, not just nouns?
  • Is there a clear time of day and weather?
  • Have I given the camera or medium a label?
  • Is the prompt under about 75 tokens? (Most encoders cap around 77.)
  • Does the negative prompt only list things I have actually seen go wrong?
  • Am I trying to do too much in one image? (Split into two if so.)
  • Have I locked the seed for comparison runs?

What to change between runs

Change one variable at a time. If you swap the architect, the materials, and the time of day all in one go, you cannot learn which change did what. Treat the prompt as a controlled experiment.

→ A closing thought

The best prompts read almost like a passage from a good architectural monograph — they describe a building so vividly that the reader can already see it before the model does. Write toward that ideal, and the renders will follow.

Next: try the Prompt Generator

Now that you have the theory, use the visual generator to build prompts faster — pick from dropdowns, see all three model formats side by side, save your favourites.